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Negritude: Legacy and Present Relevance
Editor: Isabelle Constant and Kahiudi C. Mabana
Date Of Publication: Jan 2009
Isbn13: 978-1-4438-0112-6
Isbn: 1-4438-0112-7
Doit-on considérer la Négritude comme un mouvement ancré dans la fin de la période coloniale et sur lequel il n’y a plus lieu de revenir ? C’est une des questions que le colloque qui s’est tenu à l’Université des West Indies à la Barbade en l’honneur du centenaire de la naissance de Senghor s’efforce d’explorer. Lylian Kesteloot nous rappelle encore récemment dans son étude Césaire et Senghor un pont sur l’Atlantique l’importance de ce mouvement qui entre les années trente et soixante a participé à la naissance de la littérature africaine. La question du particularisme que le mot Négritude implique et de son opposé l’universel sera largement débattue dans les pages de cet ouvrage. Les articles de cet essai discutent les défauts essentialistes de la Négritude senghorienne, mais également le fait que dans les termes de Senghor « la Négritude est un mythe », donc une construction identitaire, l’expression d’une invention. Il envisageait par exemple l’avènement d’un socialisme africain, dans une interprétation unique du marxisme. En tant que mouvement poétique, philosophique, littéraire, ou en tant que réponse idéologique à une oppression, les auteurs africains et antillais étudiés ici et qui traitent de thèmes très contemporains, démontrent la vivacité d’une Négritude toujours d’actualité dans sa présentation des cultures. Il faut bien entendu dépasser la notion raciale contenue dans le terme et insister sur le culturel, le philosophique et l’esthétique, pour accepter que la Négritude ait une pertinence actuelle. Notamment nous verrons que la Négritude s’est métamorphosée aux Antilles où au Brésil en d’originaux projets idéologiques et esthétiques.

Should Negritude be seen as a movement that originated at the end of the colonial era and merits no further study in this contemporary world? This is one of the questions explored in the Colloquium held at the University of the West Indies, Barbados, to mark the centenary of the birth of Léopold Sedar Senghor. In a recent study, Césaire et Senghor: Un pont sur l’Atlantique, Lylian Kesteloot reminds her readers of the importance of Negritude which contributed to the emergence of African literature between 1930 and 1960. The idea of essentialism which the word Negritude implies, as well as the opposite idea of universalism, will be widely discussed in the pages of this work. This collection of essays acknowledges the essential shortcomings of Senghor’s Negritude, but, at the same time, underlines the fact that in Senghor’s words, “Negritude is a myth” and therefore has to do with the construction of (an) identity and is the expression of an imaginary creation. It envisaged, for example, the creation of an African form of socialism within a unique interpretation of Marxism. In this volume, African and Caribbean writers who are concerned with contemporary issues, demonstrate the vitality of Negritude as a poetic, philosophical and literary movement and as an ideological response to oppression that is still relevant in its presentation of cultures. Clearly, it is necessary to go beyond the notion of race implied in the term and to focus on the cultural, philosophical and aesthetic elements in order to appreciate the relevance of Negritude today. Most notably in the Caribbean or Brazil, Negritude has been transformed into original ideological and aesthetic projects.


Isabelle Constant est Senior Lecturer (professeur associé) de littérature française et francophone à l’université des West Indies à la Barbade. Elle a publié un ouvrage sur le langage de l’utopie chez Christiane Rochefort (Rodopi, 1996), un livre sur les rêves dans les littératures africaines et antillaises (Karthala, 2008), des articles sur Paludes d’André Gide, et de nombreux articles sur les littératures francophones. Elle a aussi conduit des entretiens avec Aimé Césaire, Simone Schwarz-Bart et Raphaël Confiant parus dans les revues Nouvelles Etudes Francophones et The French Review.

Kahiudi Claver Mabana est Senior Lecturer (professeur associé) de littérature française et francophone à l'Université des West Indies à la Barbade. Auteur de nombreux articles et de deux livres: L'Univers mythique de Tchicaya à travers son oeuvre en prose (Bern, New York: Peter Lang, 1998); Des Transpositions francophones du mythe de Chaka (Bern, New York : Peter Lang, 2002). Il a co-édité avec Victor Simpson Hispanic and Francophone Studies Contemporary Perspectives (Cave Hill, Dept. Of Language, Linguistics and Literature, 2007)



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